Peking opera 京剧脸谱


Peking opera 京剧脸谱
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Description

用鲜明绚丽的色彩、犀利流畅的线条组织成面部图案,勾画在戏曲人物的脸上,是中国戏曲化妆的特殊手段,成为睑谱。

京剧脸谱,是具有民族特色的一种特殊的化妆方法。由于每个历史人物或某一种类型的人物都有一种大概的谱式,就像唱歌、奏乐都要按照乐谱一样,所以称为“脸谱”。关于脸谱的来源,一般的说法是来自假面具。京剧脸谱艺术是广大戏曲爱好者的非常喜爱的一门艺术,国内外都很流行,已经被大家公认为是中华民族传统文化的标识。

按脸谱的一般应用范围来讲,它属于净、丑两行;按脸谱的戏剧功能来说,它是戏曲统一风格化妆的一种。无论生、旦、净、丑,根据所演人物的性格、面貌,需要特殊夸张的都可以勾画脸谱。

舞台脸谱能标志出戏曲人物的面貌、性格、身份和年龄特点,因此不仅具有塑造人物个性的艺术价值和辅助表演、夸张人物的功效,而且还有分善恶、辨忠奸、寓褒贬的评议意味。由于脸谱的眉目格局、气宇神态均有根据,五颜六色勾填衬晕各有来历,所以它又有美化人物的艺术价值和民族传统的美学观点。若把舞台脸谱勾摹画在纸上,能如见其人,不仅能引起戏曲爱好者联想回味,即使不常涉足剧场的人也会产生审美兴趣,从而使脸谱能在舞台化妆的基本功能之外,以其艺术之魅力冲出戏曲升华为一种美术作品,跻身于国画之林。

Beijing opera types of facial makeup in operas, is a special feature of a national cosmetic. As each historical figure or a certain type of person has an approximate spectral type, like sing, play music to the music, so called “types of facial makeup in operas”. On the types of facial makeup in operas sources, the general view is from mask.

Beijing opera types of facial makeup in operas are based on certain personality, temperament or some special types of figures for the use of certain colors. Red has expressed his Warriors of strong types of facial makeup in operas such as Guan Yu, concubines Victoria, regular book; Black said the types of facial makeup in operas ming criticized people, integrity, bravery and even reckless, such as Zheng and Zhang Fei, Li; Yellow types of facial makeup in operas that vicious brutality, such as Yu Chengdu, and Dian Wei. Blue or green types of facial makeup in operas that some of the figures represented irritable, such as Dou Ambassador, Ma Wu; General treacherous court official said the types of facial makeup in operas white, bad guys, such as Cao Cao, Zhao higher.

Beijing opera types of facial makeup in operas of color painting methods, basically divided into three categories : rub face, face towel, different faces. Types of facial makeup in operas initial role is exaggerated her role with striking places and face the veins, using exaggerated by the performance of dramatis personae of personality, psychological and physiological characteristics, and using this to the entire drama circumstances, but Later types of facial makeup in operas by Kan to complex, from rough to the small, Youbiaojili, from shallow to deep, itself becoming a nation of characteristics, to the facial expression means for the pictorial arts.

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